What is the main idea of ‘The Evolution of the Kuwaiti Diet’?
The Kuwaiti diet has changed from simple, healthy meals to modern fast food.
Top 10 Must-Know
The ten single most expected questions in the whole book — if you memorise nothing else, memorise these.
Which health problems are highlighted as modern challenges in the Kuwaiti diet?
Obesity and diabetes, along with other health problems related to food.
What is the Shagaya Renewable Energy Park?
It is a national renewable energy project in a desert area west of Kuwait City, managed by KISR, that uses solar panels and wind turbines to generate electricity.
What is the difference between thrifting and upcycling?
Thrifting means buying used or second-hand items instead of new ones; upcycling means changing an old item into something completely new and often more beautiful.
How did Al Sharekh support Arabic culture beyond technology?
He developed more than ninety educational and cultural programmes, a free online Arabic dictionary, and a digital collection of Arabic literature.
Why is Japan considered a model for balancing tradition and technology?
Because it preserves its cultural heritage — the tea ceremony, kimono-making and calligraphy — while using modern technology (robots, websites, apps) to support and share these traditions.
What is a ‘social contract’?
It is the relationship in which citizens agree to follow rules to make sure everyone stays safe — an agreement between citizens and the government.
Reported speech: ‘I visited Kuwait City yesterday.’
She said (that) she had visited Kuwait City the day before. (past simple → past perfect; yesterday → the day before)
Name the three pillars of the Mediterranean lifestyle.
Diet, Socialising, and Physical Activity.
Which landmark is described as a ‘symbol of loyalty’?
The Qurain Martyrs’ House — a monument that connects us to our past.
Expected Reading & Comprehension Questions≈ 25 marks
16 most-expected short-answer items · 4 per unit · model answers taken straight from the answer key.
✎ Examiner's note: short answers in Section A reward one complete sentence containing the exact fact. Learn the model answers below word-for-word — markers look for the key information, then the full sentence.
What foods did pearl divers eat in the past?
Source: The Evolution of the Kuwaiti Diet · p. 8
Model answer: Fresh fish, dates, rice, and a few vegetables.
Which health problems are highlighted as modern challenges in the Kuwaiti diet?
Source: The Evolution of the Kuwaiti Diet · p. 8
Model answer: Obesity and diabetes, along with other health problems related to food.
What are two examples of factors that make us chemically unique, according to ‘Personalised Nutrition’?
Source: Personalised Nutrition · p. 18
Model answer: Our genetics and our gut microbiome (the trillions of good bacteria in our digestive systems), along with our daily habits.
Name three pillars of the Mediterranean lifestyle.
Source: Personalised Nutrition · p. 18
Model answer: Diet, Socialising, and Physical Activity.
What are the effects of using oil on the environment?
Source: The Shagaya Renewable Energy Park · p. 30
Model answer: Oil produces harmful emissions that add to air pollution and climate change, damaging natural ecosystems.
Where do most products end up at the end of their life cycle?
Source: Think Before You Throw! · p. 40
Model answer: In landfills, where they can take hundreds of years to break down.
What is the importance of thrifting and upcycling for the environment?
Source: Think Before You Throw! · p. 40
Model answer: They reduce the need for new production, save raw materials, lower emissions, and reduce the waste sent to landfills.
What does the life cycle of a product include?
Source: Think Before You Throw! · p. 40
Model answer: Extraction of raw materials, production in factories, transport by ships, trucks and planes, sale, use, and finally disposal.
How did Al Sharekh support Arabic culture beyond technology?
Source: Cultural Ambassadors · p. 53
Model answer: He developed more than ninety educational and cultural programmes, a free online Arabic dictionary, and a digital collection of Arabic literature.
Why does Rashid focus on documenting culture and traditions in his videos?
Source: Cultural Ambassadors · p. 53
Model answer: To preserve cultural heritage for future generations by answering questions about culture and traditions in the Arab world.
Why is Japan considered a model for balancing tradition and technology?
Source: Can Technology Save Heritage? · p. 61
Model answer: Because it preserves its cultural heritage — the tea ceremony, kimono-making and calligraphy — while using modern technology (robots, websites, apps) to support and share these traditions.
How might young people find technology useful for learning about culture?
Source: Can Technology Save Heritage? · p. 61
Model answer: Websites, apps, virtual museum tours and online videos make cultural knowledge easier to access and more engaging.
How did formal education in Kuwait begin during the time of Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah?
Source: Timeless Growth · p. 73
Model answer: He established Al-Mubarakiya School in 1911, which marked the beginning of formal education in Kuwait.
Why was 1962 a defining moment in Kuwait's history?
Source: Timeless Growth · p. 73
Model answer: Because Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem signed the Constitution, the document that contains the written law of Kuwait.
According to the text, what is a ‘social contract’?
Source: Law, Values, and Universal Citizenship · p. 82
Model answer: It is the relationship in which citizens agree to follow rules to make sure everyone stays safe — an agreement between citizens and the government.
Name three qualities of a good citizen discussed in the unit.
Source: Unit 4 · Citizenship
Model answer: Loyalty, altruism and respect for laws (any three of: loyalty, altruism, responsibility, volunteering, fairness, compliance with rules).
Expected Vocabulary Questions≈ 20 marks
20 items: B1 definition matching · B2 odd-one-out · B3 gap-fill from a word bank · B4 word formation.
✎ Examiner's note: definitions come word-for-word from the unit glossaries. The starred words below are the most repeated B-section items across past papers.
Match each word (1–5) to its definition (A–E), then press Check all.
- A) caring about the needs and happiness of other people and being willing to help them, even with no advantage to yourself
- B) the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc.
- C) an object made by a person, especially something of historical or cultural interest
- D) making new objects out of old or used things or waste material
- E) able to continue over a period of time
1. sustainableU1
2. upcyclingU2
3. artefactU3
4. altruismU4
5. emissionU2
Key: 1-E (sustainable) · 2-D (upcycling) · 3-C (artefact) · 4-A (altruism) · 5-B (emission)
Which word does not belong with the others?
hurdle — the other three describe healthy, satisfying food; a hurdle is a difficulty that must be overcome.
Which word does not belong with the others?
watchtower — the other three are waste-management words; a watchtower guards forts (Unit 3).
Which word does not belong with the others?
emission — the others relate to history and heritage; an emission is gas, heat or light sent out (Unit 2).
Which word does not belong with the others?
skyline — the others are civic values; a skyline is the shape of buildings against the sky.
Word bank
pledgeportionswapawarenessemissionunplugevidenceceremonyskyline
My is to consume fewer sugary drinks this week.
pledge — a serious promise.
The Shagaya project raises public of renewable energy.
awareness — interest in and concern about a situation.
These stamps give us of Kuwait's history.
evidence — facts, signs or objects that make you believe something is true.
Kuwait Towers are a famous feature of the country's .
skyline — the shape made by buildings against the sky.
Remember to the TV before you go to bed to save energy.
unplug — to take the plug out of the socket.
You can chips with an apple or nuts while studying.
swap — to give something and receive something in exchange.
B4 Word formation — write the correct form of the word in brackets. ★
Form the opposite by adding a prefix: healthy →
unhealthy
Form the opposite by adding a prefix: active →
inactive
Form the opposite by adding a prefix: convenient →
inconvenient
Use use to complete: We need water bottles to cut plastic waste.
reusable — able to be used more than once.
Form the opposite: Smart thermostats reduce cooling or heating. (necessary)
unnecessary
Expected Grammar Questions≈ 25 marks
20 items across all 9 high-probability topics: C1 ten MCQs · C2 six correct-the-verb drills · C3 four rewrites.
✎ Examiner's note: these ten MCQ patterns map one-to-one onto the Grammar File (pp. 86–92). Practise until each answer is automatic — the same sentences reappear with different names.
C1 Multiple choice — choose the correct option. 10 marks
How often ______ your mother cook homemade meals?
B — present-simple questions with your mother (she) use the auxiliary does.
Look at Hamad's lunch! He ______ white bread anymore.
B — happening now / changing situation: is not eating (present continuous).
Choose the correct order of adjectives: ‘Reading ____ books improves mood.’ (modern / short / interesting)
B — OSASCOMP: Opinion (interesting) → Size (short) → Age (modern).
Kuwait has set up many new environmental projects ______ 2010.
A — since + a point in time (2010); for + a period (many years).
If we recycle our plastic bottles, we ______ certainly reduce waste.
A — ‘certainly’ signals a certain outcome, so will (can = ability, may = probability, should = advice).
This art form, ______ history goes back many years, is an important part of cultural heritage.
B — whose shows possession (the history of the art form). Never use that in non-defining clauses.
When the pearl divers returned, their families ______ on the shore.
B — the long background action takes past continuous; the short interrupting action (returned) takes past simple.
Direct: ‘I visited Kuwait City yesterday.’ → Reported: ______
B — past simple → past perfect; yesterday → the day before.
I think there ______ a lot of excitement in the classroom tomorrow.
A — ‘I think’ + a prediction → future simple will.
Which of the following is an uncountable noun?
C — information has no plural form and takes how much / much.
C2 Correct the verb in brackets. 6 marks
The scientist (write) a report on the benefits of wind power.
has written — have/has + past participle.
Currently, I (consult) a nutritionist to design a meal plan.
am consulting — ‘currently’ signals the present continuous.
As a tourist (walk) through Al-Mirqab area, he saw a mosque.
was walking — the long action with ‘as’ takes the past continuous.
When he (enter) the mosque, people were praying quietly.
entered — the short interrupting action takes the past simple.
Few schools (not / focus) on environmental awareness yet.
have not focused (or haven't focused) — plural subject + ‘yet’.
They (go to / present) their final project next month.
are going to present — a planned intention uses ‘(be) going to’.
C3 Rewrite the sentences. 4 marks
Rewrite in reported speech: ‘I will help you tomorrow,’ she said.
She said (that) she would help me the next day. — will → would; tomorrow → the next day; you → me.
Combine into one sentence with a non-defining relative clause: ‘This car is very expensive. It has a very unique style.’
This car, which is very expensive, has a very unique style. — commas + ‘which’ for things.
Rewrite in reported speech: ‘I play football every day,’ he said.
He said (that) he played football every day. — present simple → past simple; I → he.
Rewrite using ‘going to’ for an intention: ‘I intend to take photographs.’
I am going to take photographs.
Expected Language Functions≈ 10 marks
10 items: D1 function ↔ expression matching · D2 five mini-dialogues.
✎ Examiner's note: learn the function ↔ expression pairs from the Functions Bank (pp. 93–94). In dialogues, the correct response is always polite, relevant and complete.
Match each function (1–5) to its expression (A–E), then press Check all.
- A) We have an obligation to protect our heritage for future generations.
- B) In my opinion, school meals are healthy and affordable.
- C) What do you mean by ‘social contract’?
- D) If I were you, I would sleep earlier and drink more water.
- E) There is a good chance that prices will rise next year.
1. Giving advice
2. Expressing opinion
3. Expressing obligation and necessity
4. Making predictions
5. Asking for clarification
Key: 1-D (advice) · 2-B (opinion) · 3-A (obligation) · 4-E (predictions) · 5-C (clarification)
D2 Choose the most suitable response. 5 marks
Friend: ‘I feel tired all the time and I keep eating junk food.’ — You answer:
A — ‘If I were you, I would…’ gives advice (Function 14), and it responds to the problem.
Classmate: ‘I have old glass jars at home and I don't need them.’ — You answer:
B — a relevant suggestion that matches the unit's upcycling idea.
Teacher: ‘What's your opinion about teaching traditional crafts at school?’ — You answer:
A — an opinion phrase (‘In my opinion…’) plus a relevant reason.
Brother: ‘Sorry, could you explain what “comply with the rules” means?’ — You answer:
A — respond to a clarification request with a clear, correct definition.
Classmate: ‘Junk food advertisements are harmless.’ — You disagree politely:
B — Function 24: disagree politely with ‘I respect your opinion, but…’.
Expected Writing Tasks≈ 20 marks
5 guided tasks — one per unit plus one combined — each with a plan box and a strong ≈100-word model answer.
✎ Examiner's note: every term ends with ONE guided article of 8–10 sentences (≈100 words). Master the plan box: topic sentence → two supporting ideas → conclusion. Use the linker chips to organise your paragraph.
Write an article for the school magazine: ‘Small Shifts: Healthy Eating in Kuwait’. Suggest two changes students can make and explain why they matter.
Plan box
Topic sentence
Supporting idea 1
Supporting idea 2
Conclusion
Linkers:
First of allIn additionFor this reasonIn my opinionTo conclude
Healthy eating does not need a dramatic diet; it needs small, smart shifts. First of all, students should swap sugary drinks and chips for water, dates and nuts, because fresh, nutritious food gives lasting energy instead of fatigue. In addition, they should never skip breakfast: a filling morning meal keeps the mind active in class. Schools can help by offering affordable, wholesome lunches and teaching nutrition routinely. In my opinion, if we make one small shift each week, the benefits will add up quickly. To conclude, healthy habits today will protect Kuwait's young generation from obesity and diabetes tomorrow.
≈ 98 words · topic sentence ✓ · 2 ideas ✓ · linkers ✓ · conclusion ✓
Your class is running an ‘Eco Choices’ campaign. Write an article suggesting ways to reduce waste at home and at school (thrifting, upcycling, unplugging…).
Plan box
Topic sentence
Supporting idea 1
Supporting idea 2
Conclusion
Linkers:
To begin withAnother wayMoreoverThis will help becauseIn conclusion
Our new Eco Choices campaign proves that every small action adds up. To begin with, we can unplug chargers, use reusable bottles and sort our waste so that less of it ends up in landfills. Another way is to swap brand-new items for second-hand finds, because old boxes and jars can be upcycled into beautiful organizers instead of being thrown away. Moreover, walking or taking the bus reduces harmful emissions. In my opinion, thrifting and upcycling are not only about saving money; they directly reduce new production and protect our ecosystems. In conclusion, if we all make these responsible choices, Kuwait's environment will be healthier for the next generation.
≈ 104 words · topic sentence ✓ · 2 ideas ✓ · linkers ✓ · conclusion ✓
Write about a cultural ambassador or a Kuwaiti tradition that should be passed down. Explain who or what it is, and why it matters.
Plan box
Topic sentence
Supporting idea 1
Supporting idea 2
Conclusion
Linkers:
For exampleAs a resultWhat is moreI admire… becauseTo sum up
Every country needs cultural ambassadors, and Hamza Al Khayat is a perfect example. He devoted more than forty years to improving the teaching of Arabic, and his creative book ‘Learn the Hamza with Hamza’ was based on fifteen years of detailed research. Amazingly, he gave away free copies because he put learners before profit. What is more, traditions like Sadu weaving should be passed down: they are a bridge between generations and an important part of Kuwaiti identity. I admire such people because they protect our roots while the world changes fast. To sum up, we should follow their example by learning our history and sharing it proudly with the world.
≈ 105 words · topic sentence ✓ · 2 ideas ✓ · linkers ✓ · conclusion ✓
Write an article about the qualities of a good citizen, and explain why school rules are a safeguard, not a punishment.
Plan box
Topic sentence
Supporting idea 1
Supporting idea 2
Conclusion
Linkers:
FirstlySecondlyFor this reasonIt is necessary toIn conclusion
A good citizen shows loyalty, altruism and respect for the law every single day. Firstly, simple actions — volunteering your time, following school rules and treating others fairly — build a mature character that lasts a lifetime. Secondly, school regulations are not a punishment; they are a safeguard that protects us and creates a fair environment where everyone can learn. For this reason, we must comply with them willingly, not fearfully. As the Amir reminds us, trust between leadership and people keeps Kuwait strong. In conclusion, good citizenship begins in the classroom: when we follow the rules and help others, we are preparing to serve our nation with pride.
≈ 104 words · topic sentence ✓ · 2 ideas ✓ · linkers ✓ · conclusion ✓
Write an article titled ‘Kuwait: Our Past, Our Future’. Describe how Kuwait's history shaped its present, and give one hope for its future.
Plan box
Topic sentence
Supporting idea 1
Supporting idea 2
Conclusion
Linkers:
Long agoLater onAs a resultI believe thatTo conclude
Kuwait's story is a remarkable transformation, from a small fort by the sea to a modern, culturally diverse trading hub. Long ago, our ancestors built their lives on the ocean: pearl diving and shipbuilding sustained the nation, and Al-Mubarakiya School planted the seeds of education in 1911. Later on, after oil was discovered and independence was gained in 1961, Kuwait grew rapidly into the country we know today. However, our past is not just history; it is a lesson. I believe that if young people protect our heritage while embracing renewable energy and technology, Kuwait will remain a key peacemaker and a shining skyline on the Gulf for the next hundred years.
≈ 108 words · topic sentence ✓ · 2 ideas ✓ · linkers ✓ · conclusion ✓
Final advice: print this dossier (the print version reveals every answer) and drill it twice — once with answers hidden, once with answers open. Star the items you miss and repeat them the night before the exam.